Checking and Repairing System Files in Windows 10 and Windows 11

Over time, system files in Windows 10 and Windows 11 can become corrupted, leading to issues like system instability, application errors, and even critical failures. Fortunately, Microsoft provides built-in tools to check the integrity and repair system files. Here’s a guide on using these tools to diagnose and fix potential issues.

Using the SFC (System File Checker) Command

The SFC (System File Checker) command allows you to scan and repair corrupted system files. This command can be especially helpful if you’re experiencing system crashes or application issues.

Steps to Run SFC:

  1. Press Win + X and select "Command Prompt (Admin)" or "Windows PowerShell (Admin)".
  2. In the window that opens, type sfc /scannow and press Enter.
  3. Wait for the scan to complete, which may take several minutes.

After the scan finishes, SFC will attempt to automatically repair any corrupted files it finds. The console will provide a report on the results of the scan and repairs.

Using the DISM (Deployment Image Servicing and Management) Command

If SFC couldn’t fix the issues or if you suspect deeper system file corruption, you can use DISM (Deployment Image Servicing and Management). This tool can repair the system image, which often resolves issues that SFC alone cannot address.

Steps to Run DISM:

  1. Open Command Prompt or PowerShell as Administrator.
  2. Enter the command: DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /CheckHealth and press Enter — this command checks the system image’s health.
  3. If issues are detected, run: DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /ScanHealth for a more detailed scan.
  4. To repair any detected issues, type DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth and wait for the process to complete.

Once you’ve completed the DISM process, it’s recommended to run SFC again to ensure any remaining corrupted files are restored.

Tips for Maintaining System Integrity

To prevent system file corruption in the future, consider these best practices:

  • Regularly update your operating system and drivers.
  • Avoid installing software from untrusted sources.
  • Create system restore points periodically for quick recovery to a stable version.
  • Use reliable antivirus software to prevent viruses that can damage system files.